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Dharma, karma, samsara and moksha
Four ideas at the heart of Hindu thought.
About Hinduism
Meaning
Dharma — duty and righteous conduct: living rightly according to one’s stage of life, relationships and responsibilities.
Karma — actions and their consequences: every intentional action shapes what follows, in this life and beyond.
Samsara — the cycle of birth, death and rebirth in which the soul (atman) journeys.
Moksha — liberation from that cycle; the highest goal in many Hindu schools, reached through knowledge, devotion, disciplined action or meditation.
Good to know
Schools of Hindu philosophy explain these ideas differently — for example Advaita, Vishishtadvaita and Dvaita Vedanta.
Planning this ceremony?
- Ask your family priest which steps your tradition follows.
- Get the exact materials list and total fee in writing.
- Keep lamps, fire and food safe for children and elders.
Practices vary by region, sampradaya, community and family. General information only. Last reviewed October 2026.